Цитаты
Надежда, в ее глубинном и сильнейшем смысле, - это не просто радость от того, что дела идут хорошо; это способность трудиться ради какой-то цели лишь потому, что эта цель добра и прекрасна, а не потому, что она дает шансы на успех. Вацлав Гавел |
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The statement for 105th anniversary from the date of a birth of Dmitry Lihachev
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 On November, 28th was 105 years from the date of a birth of a Great Russian scientist Dmitry Sergeevich Lihachev.
D.Lihachev is one of those few people which in Soviet period served as a spiritual reference point for Russian intelligential society. In the conditions of the totalitarian power when the person was reduced to a small screw of the callous machine, when the person was brainwashed by communistic myths, in the conditions of lie and cynicism, suppression of every independent spiritual sprouts, D.Lihachev, S.Averintsev, A.Saharov were live symbols of resistance to totalitarianism, samples of intellectual honesty and spiritual firmness.
D.Lihachev had got under a skating rink of the Soviet repressive machine quite early. At his 22 he was sent to the sad-known Solovetskiy camp – one of the first in territory of Russia, for participation in a student's circle «Space academy of Sciences». But already there D.Lihachev's staunch scientific and human will showed – in the period of imprisonment he had published his first scientific work «Gambling games of criminals» in the local newspaper. Since then the scientist had published set of books and articles which entered into gold fund of scientific researches of the Old Russian literature. His merits are recognized both in Russia, and all over the world: the academician, the winner of set of awards, and the honorable doctor of foreign universities and academies of Sciences. His books are translated in many languages, and became desktop textbooks for several generations of Slavists.
But scientific work is only a part of D.Lihachev’s activities. The civic stand which was determined by his love to Russia and Russian culture was also extremely important to him. D.Lihachev indefatigably struggled for salvation of architectural monuments, revival of folklore traditions, and being the member of numerous councils assisted young scientists.
D.Lihachev had also an active political position. He wasn't the dissident, didn't act against the authorities publicly, but hadn't entered the Communistic Party (that was a big rarity for scientists of such rank). He refused to sign accusatory letters against outstanding figures of culture of the USSR. Once D.Lihachev was offered to sign the letter against academician Saharov – he refused. After a couple of days D.Lihachev was beaten by KGB agents at the entrance of own house. He was struck directly under heart, and from death he was has saved only by a thick multipage report hidden in an inside pocket of his coat. Despite the broken ribs, the academician went to give his speech...
For the present Russia the huge urgency is kept by D.Lihachev's position of resolutely dividing concepts of "nationalism" and "patriotism". Being the true patriot of the country, he wrote: "True patriotism is enriching others, being enriched spiritually. Nationalism, being fenced off by a wall from other cultures, ruins own culture, dries up it. The culture should be open. Despite all lessons of the XX-th century, we haven't really learned to differentiate patriotism and nationalism. Evil is masked as good. Patriotism is the noblest of feelings. It is not a feeling at all but the major part of both personal, and public spirit of culture when one person and all people rise above themselves, put forward super personal purposes for themselves. The nationalism is the heaviest of misfortunes of mankind. As well as any evil, it disappears, lives in darkness and only pretends that it is generated by love to the country. And in reality it is generated by rage, hatred to other people and to that part of the nation which doesn't share nationalist ideas. The nationalism generates uncertainty and weakness for other people and, in turn, generates the same for itself … People for whom patriotism isn't substituted by national «acquirements», by greed and human hatred nationalism, live in friendship in the world with all people”.
The director of the Moscow bureau for human rights Alexander Brod says: «Similar views are hardly pleasant to pseudo-patriots nowadays. In the conditions of xenophobia revival, religious and national hatred, reign of aggressive lack of culture, the personality and heritage of academician D.Lihachev are those bastions which can help Russia to stay alive and become civilized and cultural country».
"The intellectual is a representative of the profession connected with brainwork (engineer, doctor, scientist, artist, writer), and the person possessing intellectual decency, – wrote in his work "About Russian intelligence" D.Lihachev. – … The main principle of intelligence is intellectual freedom, – freedom, as a moral category. The intelligent person is not free only from his conscience and from his thought … Conscience is not only a guardian angel of human honor, it also the steering wheel of freedom, it makes sure that freedom doesn’t turn into arbitrary behavior, but shows to the person its present road in the confused circumstances of life, especially of modern life.
Scientists are not always intelligent. They are unintelligent when becoming isolated in their specialty, forgetting about who and how can use fruits of their work. And then, subordinating all interests to their specialty, they endow interests of people or cultural values.
On a whole, attention to specialty and its deepening –quite good life rule. In Russia too many nonprofessionals are the wrong persons for the job. It concerns not only science, but also arts and politics where should be professionalism as well».
"One of the greatest bases on which the culture is based, is memory, – wrote D.Lihachev in his work "Art of memory and memory of art ". – Many generations of people participate in culture creation. The culture passes from father to son, and accumulates. Thus memory isn't so automatic. It is the major creative process: it is really a process and it is really creative. It is remembered what is necessary to remember, and it is remembered gradually, sometimes painfully difficultly, by overcoming of errors and contrary to tragical destruction of the greatest values. The cultural history is a history of human memory, history of memory development, its deepening and enhancement.
Surprising effects memory has! In memory of one person and memory of a society remains mainly what is necessary and kindness is more active, than malicious. By means of memory human experience accumulates, life facilitating traditions, labor and household skills, family way, public institutes are formed, esthetic level of perception and creativity develops, the knowledge is created. Memory is active. It doesn't leave the person indifferent, inactive. It owns mind and heart of the person. Memory resists to destroying force of time and accumulates what is called a culture. Memory, I repeat, is time overcoming, death overcoming. In it there is its greatest moral value. "Forgetful" is, first of all, the person who is ungrateful, irresponsible, unscrupulous, and, hence, in some measure not capable of disinterested acts. A culture indicator is the relation to monuments ". |
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